Photograph credits: German Maritime Museum Bremerhaven Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. His wife Hedwig, who had been Hitler's secretary, received from Hitler personally a monthly "honorary pay" of 400 Reichsmark, the equivalent of some $13,000 today. At about 6:00 pm a message was brought to the captain warning that a minesweeper convoy was headed their way, prompting him to activate the ship’s navigation lights to prevent a collision. Wilhelm Gustloff (30 January 1895 – 4 February 1936) was the founder of the Swiss NSDAP/AO (the Nazi Party organisation for German citizens abroad) at Davos. Wilhelm Gustloff utasszállító hajó (1937–1944), amely a történelem legnagyobb tengeri hajókatasztrófájában süllyedt el majd' 10 000 ember halálát okozva Ez egy egyértelműsítő lap , a hasonló megnevezések közötti választást segíti elő. He remained its leader from 1932 until he was assassinated in 1936. The Wilhelm Gustloff was constructed by the Blohm & Voss shipyards. Le Conseil fédéral interdit trois journaux nationaux-socialistes. de: 5.2.1936: 46125: Letter: Germany 1871–1945 (Other) On 30 January 1945, around 7,000 people died on board. Wilhelm Gustloff oli 1937 valmistunut saksalainen risteilyalus, jonka neuvostoliittolainen sukellusvene upotti torpedoimalla eteläisellä Itämerellä toisen maailmansodan loppuvaiheessa 30. tammikuuta 1945 sen ollessa kuljettamassa valtakunnan itäosista evakuoituja saksalaisia siviilejä. Hitler did not want to risk any domestic bouts of Antisemitism to cause Germany to lose the recently awarded right to host the 1936 Summer Olympics, since his anti-Semitic policies had already led to calls to relocate the games.[6]. The "Reichskristallnacht" Pogrom of the 9/10 November 1938. Despite the high number of civilian deaths, allegations that sinking the Gustloff constituted a war crime are largely unfounded, because of the presence of weapons and nearly 1,000 military personnel on board. Gustloff was shot and killed in Davos in 1936 by David Frankfurter, a Croatian Jewish student incensed by the growth of the NSDAP. An estimated 9,000 passengers were killed in the sinking, making it the greatest maritime disaster in history. Ernst Wilhelm Bohle was the first at Gustloff's funeral to recite a few lines in his honour. The people who were allowed to travel on the Kraft durch Freude flagship were chosen by the party. [3] He assisted in the distribution of the antisemitic propaganda book The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, to the point that members of the Swiss Jewish community sued the book's distributor, the Swiss NSDAP/AO, for libel[citation needed]. Included among them were potential U-boat crews that had been training in the Bay of Danzig, wounded soldiers from the Eastern Front, Nazi officials, military families, and other civilians. With the beginning of World War II, the Gustloff was requisitioned by the German navy to serve as a hospital ship in the Baltic Sea and Norway. It ran the Gustloff Werke ("Gustloff Factories"), a group of businesses that had been confiscated from their Jewish owners or partners. Le lancement du navire a lieu en présence d'Hitler et d'Hedwig Gustloff, veuve de Gustloff. Beginning on January 21, 1945, an estimated two million Germans were brought to the west in an operation that far exceeded the British evacuation at Dunkirk. The Gustloff started on its maiden voyage on March 24, 1938, and over the course of 17 months it went on some 50 cruises, transporting some 65,000 vacationers. In 1945, the Wilhelm Gustloff was torpedoed by the Soviet Union's U-Boat S-13. From January to May 1945, as the Red Army advanced from the east, German refugees, military and civilian,were being evacuated through German-held ports on the Baltic Sea. comandă511 Cost25 milioane de Reichsmark Istoric Pus pe chilă1 august 1936 Lansat5 mai 1937 Pus în serviciu15 martie 1938 IdentificatorRadio ID … Harrison—Topical Press Agency/Hulton Archive/Getty Images El Wilhelm Gustloff: la pitjor tragèdia naval de la història 9000 refugiats, més de la meitat nens, van morir en el naufragi causat pel submarí soviètic S-13 la nit del 30 de gener del 1945 17 de gener de 2021 | Història , x3 | 0 comments Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Petersen also rejected the recommendation of First Officer Louis Reese, who had advised a course that hugged the coastline. German Orientalisms|By Todd Curtis Kontje | P.222, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of Nazis who died in the Beer Hall Putsch, A Survey of Nazi and Pro-Nazi Groups in Switzerland: 1930-1945, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/david-frankfurter/i-kill-a-nazi-gauleitermemoir-of-a-jewish-assassin/, "Why the Shooting in Ankara Won't Start World War III", "David Frankfurter, Who Killed Swiss Nazi Leader, Pardoned; Served Nine Years", Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes. The Wilhelm Gustloff was Germany's the hospital ship. The ship carried German and Austrian residents of the United Kingdom into international waters, where they voted in the plebiscite on the annexation of Austria. As the Red Army advanced on East Prussia, Adm. Karl Dönitz began preparations for Operation Hannibal, the mass evacuation of German troops and civilians from the area. [5] He was sentenced to 18 years imprisonment and spent the war in a Swiss prison. Aleksandr Marinesko, maneuvered his submarine between the Gustloff and the coast, as an attack from that direction would be least expected. His coffin, transported on a special train from Davos to Schwerin, made stops in Stuttgart, Würzburg, Erfurt, Halle, Magdeburg and Wittenberg. Gustloff's widow, mother and brother attended the funeral and received personal condolences from Hitler. German film loosely based on the sinking, by a Soviet submarine, of a Nazi troop-transport ship in the Baltic Sea on January 30th 1945. From the Irish famine to Lady Godiva, journey through European history in this quiz. Lancé le 5 mai 1937, le Wilhelm Gustloff est un paquebot prestigieux de la Kraft durch Freude (« la force par la joie »), organisation de loisirs créée par le dirigeant national-socialiste Robert Ley afin de concilier la classe ouv… Apr 7, 2017 - mv Wilhelm Gustloff was a German cruise ship that sunk by U-boat in 1942 9'000 people had died was biggest tragedy maritime disaster in history. [4], Frankfurter surrendered immediately to the Swiss police, confessing "I fired the shots because I am a Jew". Harbored in the Bay of Danzig are ships carrying military equipment, soldiers and civilians. Heartbreakingly, estimates have indicated that up to half of those who perished were children. Corrections? "Wilhelm Gustloff" - 1945r., zatonął z 9000 pasażerów, od torpedy. Aside from history books and documentaries, the story of the Gustloff has been the subject of several feature films and fictional works, including the novella Im Krebsgang (2002; Crabwalk) by Günter Grass. Adolf Hitler décide de baptiser de son nom un paquebot en cours de finition dans les chantiers navals de Hambourg. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. On January 25 the ship started taking other refugees on board, and by the afternoon of January 29 the count had reached 7,956 when registration was stopped. [1], Gustloff (a son of merchant Herrmann Gustloff[2]), who worked for the Swiss government as a meteorologist, joined the NSDAP in 1927. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. However, it was spotted by the Soviet submarine S-13 at about 7:00 pm. Uppoamisessa hukkuneiden määrää ei tiedetä, mutta sen on arvioitu olleen jopa 9 000 tai yli. Measuring 208.50 m (684 ft 1 in) long by 23.59 m (77 ft 5 in) wide with a capacity of 25,484 gross register tons, she was launched on 5 May 1937. Nicki Peter Petrikowski is a freelance writer, editor, and translator. The twelve meter long ship was built as a life boat for the Wilhelm Gustloff at Bloom & Voss shipyards in 1937. In 1933[citation needed] the Nazi Party created the Wilhelm-Gustloff-Stiftung ("The Wilhelm Gustloff Foundation"), a national corporation funded by properties and wealth confiscated from Jews. For propaganda purposes, all the cabins aboard the Gustloff were sized and apportioned similarly, making the Gustloff—in appearance, at least—a “ship without social classes.” The sole exception was one larger cabin reserved for Hitler. Who was known as the Iron Chancellor? The evacuation, codenamed Operation Hannibal, was under the control o… Shortly after noon on January 30, the Gustloff left the harbour. Over 9,000 people died in the Baltic Sea on January 30, 1945, in an attempt to evade the Red Army. It was the largest loss of life in history from a single ship. Throughout history, countless ships have been lost; but to this very day, MV Wilhelm Gustloff remains the deadliest marine accident, dwarfing even those of RMS Titanic and RMS Lusitania. The ship had enough space to accommodate roughly 1,900 people, including some 400 crew members. The Gustloff did not meet any minesweepers on its way. The disaster remains relatively unknown. Ultimately, the Gustloff headed for a deepwater route that was known to be clear of mines. https://www.britannica.com/topic/MV-Wilhelm-Gustloff, Militaryhistoryonline.com - Wilhelm Gustloff - The Greatest Marine Disaster in History, Witness the sinking of the German legendary cruise liner MV Wilhelm Gustloff after the Soviet attack in the Baltic Sea. Wilhelm Gustloff Death Card from sinking: Heinrich Maschberger is listed as 'Seemanstod' or 'Seemannstod' as on the card (Accidental death) in the Gulf of Gdansk. Friedrich Petersen decided that the ship would travel no faster than 12 knots (14 miles [22 km] per hour). About 9,400 lives were lost, the greatest death toll from the sinking of a single vessel in human history. Quelques tableaux de Laurent Valère sur l'incroyable périple des réfugiés allemands du Wilhelm Gustloff voir: http://www.feldgrau.com/wilhelmgustloff.html The MV Gustloff was the first ship built specifically for the German Labour Front’s Kraft durch Freude (“Strength Through Joy”) program, which subsidized leisure activities for German workers. The MV Wilhelm Gustloff docked at Tilbury, England, April 10, 1938. Of the estimated 10,000 people on board the Gustloff, only 1,239 could be registered as survivors, making this the sinking with the highest death toll in maritime history. Gustloff was proclaimed a Blutzeuge of the Nazi cause and his murder became part of the propaganda that served as pretext for the 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom. It was not possible to simply book a voyage on the Gustloff, however. Thousands of Hitler Youth members lined the route. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Omissions? Nine vessels took on survivors throughout the night. The Gustloff was ordered to bring the soldiers of the 2nd Submarine Training Division to western Germany. The ship was sunk by the Soviet submarine S-13 in January 1945 in the Baltic Sea while carrying civilian refugees and military personnel from the advancing Red Army. Wilhelm Gustloff (30-a de januaro 1895 en Schwerin; 4-a de februaro 1936 en Davos ()) estis nacisocialista landa grupogvidanto de NSDAP-eksterlanda organizaĵo en Svislando.. Laŭ li estis nomita la fondaĵo Wilhelm Gustloff kaj la pasaĝera vaporŝipo „Wilhelm Gustloff“.. Biografio. Remember the Wilhelm Gustloff, 1945 (Click to enlarge)In the night of January 30th, 1945 while evacuating refugees from Eastern Germany, the Gustloff, which was designed to carry a max. Although it was originally planned that the Gustloff would be but one element in a larger convoy, mechanical problems forced two ships to turn back, and the Gustloff was accompanied by only the torpedo boat Löwe. Na Segunda Guerra Mundial serviu como buque ténder de submarinos, buque hospital, e transporte de evacuación durante a Operación Aníbal cara o final da contenda. 75 years on, little known about the Wilhelm Gustloff sinking. The ship was carrying lifeboats and rafts for 5,000 people, but many of the lifesaving appliances were frozen to the deck, and their effective use was further impeded by the fact that one of the torpedoes had hit the crew quarters, killing those best trained to deal with the situation.
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